100 BANKING AWARENESS POINTS

100 BANKING AWARENESS POINTS
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Reserve Bank of India
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01.       Central bank is a bank which acts as a banker to the government; has monopoly of note issue and controls the entire banking system
02.       RBI is the central bank in India
03.       RBI was established by an act of Parliament in 1934
04.       The initial share capital for RBI was Rs. 5 crores
05.       RBI was nationalized under (transfer of public ownership) act 1948
06.       Its affairs are regulated by central board of directors
07.       It has four regional centres at Mumbai, Kolkatta, Chennai and Delhi
08.       The central office of the bank is at Mumbai
09.       RBI is note issuing authority; banker, agent and financial adviser to the government; custodian of cash reserves of banks; custodian of nation’s reserves of foreign exchange; lender of the last resort; controller of credit etc.
10.       Currency notes other than one rupee notes are issued by RBI
11.       RBI has credit control – regulation of cash reserves of commercial banks, regulating the flow of credit, qualitative control and open market operations
12.       Handles all government transactions
13.       It is a banker’s bank
14.       It maintains the exchange rate for the Indian rupee; hold the country’s reserves in foreign currencies and administration of the exchange management regulations
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■Scheduled commercial banks■
15.       They are included in the second schedule to the RBI act, 1934
16.       They can avail facilities from RBI – accommodation in the form of refinance and loans and advances; remittance facility at concessive rates as also grant of authorized dealer’s license to handle foreign exchange business.
17.       Have paid up capital and reserves – aggregate value of not less than Rs. 5 lakhs.
18.       It can be a state cooperative bank or company registered under the companies act
19.       Scheduled commercial banks are – State Bank of India and associates, nationalized banks, private sector banks, regional rural banks, urban cooperative banks, state cooperative banks
20.       Scheduled Commercial Banks to maintain CRR up to 3 percent of their demand and time liabilities  which can go upto a maximum of 15 percent
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■Public sector banks■
21.       State Bank of India and associate banks
22.       Nationalized banks – 20
23.       Banks were nationalized on 19.07.1969  - fourteen banks
24.       Nationalised banks are: Central Bank of India, Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Allahabad Bank, Union Bank of India, United Commercial Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Indian Bank, Canara Bank, Syndicate Bank, Punjab National Bank, United Bank of India, Dena Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Andhra Bank, Corporation Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Punjab and Sind Bank and Vijaya Bank. (19) and Industrial Development Bank of India = 20
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■Development  banks■
25.       Industrial Finance Corporation of India is a development bank
26.       Its operations are project finance, financial services and corporate advisory services
27.       Industrial Investment Bank of India was set up in 1971 for rehabilitation of sick industrial companies.
28.       Reconstituted as Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India in 1985 under the IRBI act, 1984
29.       IRBI was incorporated in March, 1997 as Industrial Investment Bank of India Limited under the companies act, 1956
30.       SIDBI was set up in 1990 under an act of parliament (SIDBI) act 1989 as a wholly owned subsidiary of IDBI
31.       It is the principal financial institution for promoting and financing development of industry in the small scale sector
32.       14 banks were nationalized on 19th July 1969
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■New Private sector banks■
33.       New private sector banks were formed as per RBI guidelines 1993
34.       They were registered under companies act 1956
35.       They were included in second schedule to the RBI act, 1934
36.       The minimum paid up capital of a new bank shall be Rs. 100 crores
37.       Priority sector lending norms should be adopted by these banks
38.       The banks are governed by the provisions of the RBI act, 1934, the Banking regulation act, 1949 and other relevant statutes.
39.       They are not allowed to set up a subsidiary or mutual fund for at least three years after their establishment
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■Regional Rural banks■
40.       Regional Rural banks were established on 2.10.1975
41.       To develop rural economy by providing credit and other facilities for the purpose of development of agriculture, trade, commerce, industry and other productive activities in rural areas, particularly to the small and marginal farmers, agricultural laborers, artisans and small entrepreneurs
42.       They are scheduled commercial banks
43.       Included in second schedule to RBI act, 1934
44.       The gross NPAs of regional rural banks should not be more than 10 percent.
45.       The banks should comply with the IRDA regulations for acting as a corporate agent
46.       The authorized capital of a regional rural bank is Rs. 5 crore and issued/paid up capital minimum of Rs. 25 lakhs and maximum of Rs. 100 lakhs
47.       The prescribed minimum level of share holding should be 51 percent  for sponsor institutions
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■Local Area banks■
48.       Local area banks were established on 24.08.1996
49.       They were set up in the private sector to cater to credit needs of the local people and to provide efficient and competitive financial intermediation services in their area of operation
50.       They are required to observe the priority sector lending target of 40 percent of net bank credit, as applicable to other domestic banks, out of which 25 percent shall be given to weaker sections
51.       They were registered as public limited companies as per Companies act, 1956.
52.       They got licence as per Banking regulation act 1949
53.       Included in the second schedule to RBI act, 1934
54.       They have the minimum paid up capital of Rs. 5 crore
55.       Promoters’ contribution to be Rs 2 crores.
56.       They can be promoted by individuals, corporate entities, trusts and societies
57.       The area of operation of local area bank shall be a maximum of three geographically contiguous districts.
58.       To comply with the provisions of the Banking Regulation act, 1949, RBI act, 1934 and other statutes
59.       They are subject to prudential norms, accounting policies and other policies laid down by RBI
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■Non Banking Finance Companies■
60.       NBFCs consist of eight categories – each one of them conducting a particular business activity
61.       Equipment leasing company undertakes equipment leasing or the financing of such activity
62.       Hire purchase finance company is engaged in hire purchase transaction or the financing of such transactions
63.       Loan company provides finance by making loans or advances or otherwise for any activity other than its own.
64.       The main business of any investment company is the acquisition of securities and trading in such securities to earn a profit
65.       Mutual Benefit Financial Company are the companies which are notified by the Central Government under section 620 A of the companies act 1956
66.       Miscellaneous non banking company – the principal business of such company is managing, conducting or supervising as a promoter, foreman or agent of any transaction or arrangement by which the company enters into an agreement
67.       Housing finance company – acquisition of construction of houses including the acquisition or development of plots of land
68.       Residuary non banking company – receives deposits under any scheme or arrangement by whatever name called in one lump sum or in installments by way of contributions or subscriptions or by sale of units or certificates or other instruments or in any manner.
69.       Effective 4.3.2003, NBFCs are not allowed to offer more than 11 percent per annum interest on public deposit
70.       No official agency guarantees or undertakes the repayment of deposits or interest
71.       NBFC deposits are uninsured and not backed by security
72.       They are not allowed to offer more than 2 percent brokerage
73.       They are not allowed to offer gifts or incentives
74.       All depositors must be issued proper receipts for deposits
75.       NBFCs having track record of less than 2 years is not eligible to accept public deposits
76.       NBFCs seeking public deposit should be a profit making company
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■Life Insurance corporation of India■
77.       LIC was established in 1956 as wholly owned corporation of the Government of India
78.       LIC came into being from 1.9.1956
79.       To spread life insurance across the country, particularly in the rural areas and to the socially and economically backward classes.
80.       Besides insurance business, LIC in pursuance of Government of India guidelines invests a major portion of its funds in central and state government securities and other approved securities including special deposits with Government of India.
81.       Extends assistance to develop infrastructure facilities like housing, rural electrification, water supply and sewerage and provides financial assistance to the corporate sector by way of term loans, underwriting off and direct subscription  to shares and debentures.
82.       It also provides resource support to financial institutions through subscription to their shares/bonds and by way of term loans.
83.       UTI  - the largest mutual fund organization in India was set up in 1964 by an act of parliament.
84.       Established to fulfill the objectives of mobilizing of retail savings, investing them in the capital market and passing on the benefits accrued from the acquisition, holding, management and disposal of securities to the small investors.
85.       General Insurance Corporation of India was formed and registered on January, 1973 under the insurance act 1938 in accordance with the provisions of the General Insurance Business (Nationalization) act, 1972
86.       The New India Assurance Company Limited; The United India Insurance Company Limited, The Oriental Insurance Company Limited and National Insurance Company Limited are government owned insurance companies doing general insurance business
87.       Need based insurance companies to meet the diverse and emerging needs of various segments of society and provides financial assistance to industrial projects by way of term loans, short term loans and direct subscription to shares/debentures of new and existing industrial enterprise.
National Bank for agriculture and Rural Development
88.       NABARD was established in 1982 under an act of parliament
89.       It is the apex development bank for promotion and development bank for promotion and development of agriculture, small scale industries, cottage and village industries, handicrafts and other rural crafts and other allied economic activities in rural areas
90.       It serves as an apex financing agency for the institutions providing investment and production credit for promoting the various developmental activities in rural areas
91.       Takes measures towards institution building for improving absorptive capacity of the credit delivery system, including monitoring, formulation of rehabilitation schemes, restricting of credit institutions, training of personnel etc.
92.       Coordinates the rural financing activities of all institutions engaged in developmental work at the field level and maintains liaison with Government of India, state governments, RBI and other national level institutions concerned with policy formulation
Export and Import Bank of India
93.       Export and Import Bank of India  - EXIM bank was established in 1982
94.       Public sector financial institution created by an act of Parliament vide -  the Export and Import Bank of India act 1981.
95.       Principal financial institution for – financing, facilitating and promoting India’s foreign trade
96.       They provide Indian exporters with investment loans, export product development loans, loans for export marketing, pre shipment credit, suppliers credit for exports or projects and advisory services.
97.       Equity finance available for acquiring of setting up companies abroad for manufacturing, marketing, trading etc.
98.       It offers buyers credit and lines of credit to foreign governments and banks
99.       It has facilities to provide advance information and business advisory services to Indian exporters in respect of multilaterally funded projects overseas.
100.         It offers advisory and information services to exporters and sponsors